famous short story ‘Kafan’ and many stories by Munshi Prem Chand

Saadat Hasan Manto, whose fifty-sixth death anniversary was observed on January 18, was a writer who not only enriched Urdu literature to a great extent, but influenced writers to look into the psyche of mankind. Most of the critics believe that the basis of modern short story in Urdu can be seen in Manto's works. No doubt, a famous short story 'Kafan' and many stories by Munshi Prem Chand and a collection of Urdu short stories titled 'Angaare' by a group of writers had earlier produced a powerful impact and serious writers had to review their viewpoints towards the traditional style of writing and thinking towards production of fiction and short stories.

The western literature and literary view of Russian literature (under the influence of communist and leftist parties) had also caused great influence on literary trends all over the world. However, in Urdu literature, the stories written by Manto had quite a different impression. In a way Manto had given up all hang-ups to write about society and its characters. He had to face trials for the allegations of 'obscenity' in characterization of his stories.

The opponents used to claim that such writings could promote perversion in society. He had written stories like 'Thanda Gosht' (cold meat), 'Khol Do' (open it up), 'Hatak' (insult) and others that exposed the negative face of society, but he was tried in his time not only by the courts, but also by so-called leaders of society. However, the time has proved that Manto was a genuine writer who had nothing to do with 'perversion and nudity', but he to expose evil designs and highlight pious characters of this society. For instance, his stories like 'Basit', 'Mummy', 'Doda Pehlawan', and 'Shera' dig out the good and bad characters and it is very clear that instead of concealing badness, it is far better to expose the same, so a wise way could be discovered where people could live in peace and harmony. It was Manto's works that showed that exploitation of mankind under any pretext has no justification.

Manto was also a film and radio scriptwriter, and journalist. In his short life (he died at the age of 42), he had published twenty-two collections of short stories, one novel, five collections of radio plays, three collections of essays, two collections of personal sketches, titled 'Ganje Farishte' and he was the first writer who painted real characters in his sketches while highlighting their qualities and demerits.

He was a true and courageous writer who did not compromise on his principles under any circumstances.